How to format your references using the Food and Chemical Toxicology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Food and Chemical Toxicology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cramer, P., 2006. Molecular biology. Self-correcting messages. Science 313, 447–448.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hill, R.A., Barton, R.A., 2005. Psychology: red enhances human performance in contests. Nature 435, 293.

A journal article with 3 authors

Poulton, S.W., Fralick, P.W., Canfield, D.E., 2004. The transition to a sulphidic ocean approximately 1.84 billion years ago. Nature 431, 173–177.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Campbell, D.B., Black, G.J., Carter, L.M., Ostro, S.J., 2003. Radar evidence for liquid surfaces on Titan. Science 302, 431–434.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Yukihara, E.G., McKeever, S.W.S., 2011. Optically Stimulated Luminescence. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Amaris, H., 2013. Reactive Power Management of Power Networks with Wind Generation, Lecture Notes in Energy. Springer, London.

A chapter in an edited book

Petri, C.A., 2008. On the Physical Basics of Information Flow, in: Hee, K.M. van, Valk, R. (Eds.), Applications and Theory of Petri Nets: 29th International Conference, PETRI NETS 2008, Xi’an, China, June 23-27, 2008. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 12–12.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Food and Chemical Toxicology.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J., 2017. This Black Hole Has Been Eating A Star For 10 Years, Longer Than Any Observed Before [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2006. Rail Transit: Observations on FTA’s State Safety Oversight Program (No. GAO-06-997T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Aghaee, M., 2016. Analysis of Dynamics and Optimal Control for an SIR Epidemiological Model with Time-varying Populations (Doctoral dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K., 2002. Some Want a Cultural Hub; Others See a Center on Steroids. New York Times 147.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Cramer, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Cramer, 2006; Hill and Barton, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hill and Barton, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Campbell et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Food and Chemical Toxicology
Abbreviation	Food Chem. Toxicol.
ISSN (print)	0278-6915
Scope	Food Science General Medicine Toxicology