How to format your references using the Journal of Development Effectiveness citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Development Effectiveness. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zuber, M. T. 2001. “The Crust and Mantle of Mars.” Nature 412 (6843): 220–227.

A journal article with 2 authors

Geschwind, Daniel H., and Jonathan Flint. 2015. “Genetics and Genomics of Psychiatric Disease.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 349 (6255): 1489–1494.

A journal article with 3 authors

Harker, David E., Charles E. Woodward, and Diane H. Wooden. 2005. “The Dust Grains from 9P/Tempel 1 before and after the Encounter with Deep Impact.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 310 (5746): 278–280.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Liu, Xian-Wei, Jie-Jie Chen, Yu-Xi Huang, Xue-Fei Sun, Guo-Ping Sheng, Dao-Bo Li, Lu Xiong, Yuan-Yuan Zhang, Feng Zhao, and Han-Qing Yu. 2014. “Experimental and Theoretical Demonstrations for the Mechanism behind Enhanced Microbial Electron Transfer by CNT Network.” Scientific Reports 4 (January 2014): 3732.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tikhomirov, Viatcheslav V. 2016. Hydrogeochemistry Fundamentals and Advances. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &;#38; Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Leifert, Wayne R., ed. 2009. G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Drug Discovery. Vol. 552. Methods in Molecular Biology, Methods and Protocols. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.

A chapter in an edited book

Duistermaat, J. J., and J. A. C. Kolk. 2010. “Differentiation of Distributions.” In Distributions: Theory and Applications, edited by J. A. C. Kolk, 45–49. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Development Effectiveness.

Blog post

Andrew, Danielle. 2016. “Turning Diamonds’ Defects Into Long-Term 3-D Data Storage.” IFLScience, IFLScience, October 29. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/turning-diamonds-defects-into-longterm-3d-data-storage/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1970. Improved Accounting Control Over Equipment at the Kennedy Space Center. B-169658. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Roberts, Elaine Morris. 2006. “Whose Books Get Published?: Individual Agency and the Business of Children’s Publishing.” Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sophia Kishkovsky; Compiled by. 2005. “Arts, Briefly; Russian News Anchor Barred From Studio.” New York Times, November 26, 2005.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Zuber 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Zuber 2001; Geschwind and Flint 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Geschwind and Flint 2015)
Three authors: (Harker, Woodward, and Wooden 2005)
4 or more authors: (Liu et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Development Effectiveness
Abbreviation	J. Dev. Effect.
ISSN (print)	1943-9342
ISSN (online)	1943-9407
Scope	Development Geography, Planning and Development