How to format your references using the Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pretty, J. (2003). Social capital and the collective management of resources. Science (New York, N.Y.), 302(5652), 1912–1914.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hughes, A. L., & Gottschling, D. E. (2012). An early age increase in vacuolar pH limits mitochondrial function and lifespan in yeast. Nature, 492(7428), 261–265.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nicoll, R. A., Tomita, S., & Bredt, D. S. (2006). Auxiliary subunits assist AMPA-type glutamate receptors. Science (New York, N.Y.), 311(5765), 1253–1256.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Berardini, T. Z., Bollman, K., Sun, H., & Poethig, R. S. (2001). Regulation of vegetative phase change in Arabidopsis thaliana by cyclophilin 40. Science (New York, N.Y.), 291(5512), 2405–2407.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hochberg, Z. (2011). Evo-Devo of Child Growth. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Liu, H. (2015). Creative Industries and Urban Spatial Structure: Agent-based Modelling of the Dynamics in Nanjing. (E. A. Silva & Q. Wang, Eds.). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Horiuchi, T., Masamune, K., Tsukihara, H., Motomura, N., Kuwana, K., & Dohi, T. (2012). Clipping Device with a Clear Liquid-Flushing Endoscope Equipping Wide View Coaxial Nozzle for Edge-to-Edge Repair Surgery without Heart-Lung Machine. In T. Dohi & H. Liao (Eds.), Computer Aided Surgery: 7th Asian Conference on Computer Aided Surgery, Bangkok, Thailand, August 2011, Proceedings (pp. 38–46). Tokyo: Springer Japan.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, June 5). June Is National Oceans Month. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/june-national-oceans-month/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1987). Guaranteed Student Loans: Analysis of Insurance Premiums Charged by Guaranty Agencies (No. HRD-88-16BR). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wuebbels, P. J. (2014). Effectiveness of Reading and Writing Across the Curriculum on Middle School Reading Comprehension and Preparation for Common Core State Standards (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Joy, S. (2016, November 30). Dare to Be Daring. New York Times, p. D13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Pretty 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Hughes and Gottschling 2012; Pretty 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hughes and Gottschling 2012)
Three or more authors: (Berardini et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education
ISSN (online)	2363-5169
Scope