How to format your references using the Astrophysics and Space Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Astrophysics and Space Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wilczek, F.: Setting standards. Nature. 415, 265 (2002)

A journal article with 2 authors

May, M., Brody, H.: Nature index 2015 Asia-Pacific. Nature. 519, S49 (2015)

A journal article with 3 authors

Serabyn, E., Mawet, D., Burruss, R.: An image of an exoplanet separated by two diffraction beamwidths from a star. Nature. 464, 1018–1020 (2010)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Fujiwara, R., Takenaka, S., Hashimoto, M., Narawa, T., Itoh, T.: Expression of human solute carrier family transporters in skin: possible contributor to drug-induced skin disorders. Sci. Rep. 4, 5251 (2014)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ellis, H., Lawson, A.: Anatomy for Anaesthetists. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK (2013)

An edited book

Helfert, M., Desprez, F., Ferguson, D., Leymann, F. eds: Cloud Computing and Services Science: Third International Conference, CLOSER 2013, Aachen, Germany, May 8-10, 2013, Revised Selected Papers. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2014)

A chapter in an edited book

Papadimitriou, P.: Fiscal Rules in the EU: Time to Rethink and Start from the Basics. In: Botsiou, K.E. and Klapsis, A. (eds.) The Konstantinos Karamanlis Institute for Democracy Yearbook 2011: The Global Economic Crisis and the Case of Greece. pp. 29–44. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2011)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Astrophysics and Space Science.

Blog post

Evans, K.: Mexican Government Teams Up With Leonardo DiCaprio In Last-Ditch Effort To Save Vaquita, https://www.iflscience.com/environment/mexican-government-teams-up-with-leonardo-dicaprio-in-lastditch-effort-to-save-vaquita/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Medicare: Impact of Changing Transportation Policy for Portable Equipment Is Uncertain. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1998)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bankapura, S.: Packet adaptive routing in communication network, (2016)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney, K.: Ready-to-Eat for Rosh Hashana, (2010)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Wilczek 2002).
This sentence cites two references (May and Brody 2015; Wilczek 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (May and Brody 2015)
Three or more authors: (Fujiwara et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Astrophysics and Space Science
Abbreviation	Astrophys. Space Sci.
ISSN (print)	0004-640X
ISSN (online)	1572-946X
Scope	Space and Planetary Science Astronomy and Astrophysics