How to format your references using the Avian Conservation and Ecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Avian Conservation and Ecology (ACE). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Crane, B. R. 2012. Biochemistry. Nature’s intricate clockwork. Science (New York, N.Y.) 337:165–166.

A journal article with 2 authors

Holyoake, T., and D. Vetrie. 2015. Cancer: Repositioned to kill stem cells. Nature 525:328–329.

A journal article with 3 authors

Davé, U. P., N. A. Jenkins, and N. G. Copeland. 2004. Gene therapy insertional mutagenesis insights. Science (New York, N.Y.) 303:333.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Hansen, K. F., K. Sakamoto, C. Pelz, S. Impey, and K. Obrietan. 2014. Profiling status epilepticus-induced changes in hippocampal RNA expression using high-throughput RNA sequencing. Scientific reports 4:6930.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zhang, L., M. Peng, D. Chang, and Y. Xu. 2016. Dam Failure Mechanisms and Risk Assessment. John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd, Singapore.

An edited book

Kuznetsov, S. O., and S. Schmidt (Eds.). 2007. Formal Concept Analysis: 5th International Conference, ICFCA 2007, Clermont-Ferrand, France, February 12-16, 2007. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Hofer, H. 2010. Holomorphic Curves and Real Three-Dimensional Dynamics. Pages 674–704 in N. Alon, J. Bourgain, A. Connes, M. Gromov, and V. Milman, editors. Visions in Mathematics: GAFA 2000 Special volume, Part II. Birkhäuser, Basel.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Avian Conservation and Ecology.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2015, May 5. Scientists Describe Potential New DNA Base. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scientists-describe-potential-new-addition-dna-code/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1992. Aviation Safety: Additional Actions Needed for Three Safety Programs. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Crump, S. 2015. The efficacy of an academic behavior assessment tool for the functional behavior assessment process. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams, J. 2016, November 11. Chatting With Bowie. New York Times:BR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Crane 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Crane 2012, Holyoake and Vetrie 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Holyoake and Vetrie 2015)
Three or more authors: (Hansen et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Avian Conservation and Ecology
Abbreviation	Avian Conserv. Ecol.
ISSN (online)	1712-6568
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Ecology Nature and Landscape Conservation