How to format your references using the Biofouling citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biofouling. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chin JW. 2009. Journal club. A molecular biologist gets excited about making designer proteins in cells. Nature. 457(7227):239.

A journal article with 2 authors

Laurence TA, Weiss S. 2003. Analytical chemistry. How to detect weak pairs. Science. 299(5607):667–668.

A journal article with 3 authors

Davé UP, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG. 2004. Gene therapy insertional mutagenesis insights. Science. 303(5656):333.

A journal article with 12 or more authors

D’Auria G, Peris-Bondia F, Džunková M, Mira A, Collado MC, Latorre A, Moya A. 2013. Active and secreted IgA-coated bacterial fractions from the human gut reveal an under-represented microbiota core. Sci Rep. 3:3515.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wang J-J. 2014. Hydraulic Fracturing in Earth-Rock Fill DAMS. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons, Singapore Pte. Ltd.

An edited book

Pieprzyk J, Ghodosi H, Dawson E, editors. 2007. Information Security and Privacy: 12th Australasian Conference, ACISP 2007, Townsville, Australia, July 2-4, 2007. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Hess A, Nussbaumer M, Hlavacs H, Hummel KA. 2008. Automatic Adaptation and Analysis of SIP Headers Using Decision Trees. In: Schulzrinne H, State R, Niccolini S, editors. Principles, Systems and Applications of IP Telecommunications Services and Security for Next Generation Networks: Second International Conference, IPTComm 2008, Heidelberg, Germany, July 1-2, 2008 Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; p. 69–89.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biofouling.

Blog post

Andrew E. 2015. One Ton Of Illegal Ivory Set To Be Publicly Destroyed In Times Square Today. IFLScience [Internet]. [accessed 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/illegal-ivory-crush-times-square-today/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2004. Public Community Colleges and Technical Schools: Most Schools Use Both Credit and Noncredit Programs for Workforce Development. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Vazquez Baeza Y. 2017. Statistical Representations Of Microbial Systems [Doctoral dissertation]. La Jolla, CA: University of California San Diego.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

LaFRANIERE S, Porat D, Armendariz A. 2016. Unending but Unheard, the Echo of Gun Violence. New York Times.:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Chin 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Laurence and Weiss 2003; Chin 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Laurence and Weiss 2003)
Three or more authors: (D’Auria et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Biofouling
Abbreviation	Biofouling
ISSN (print)	0892-7014
ISSN (online)	1029-2454
Scope	Aquatic Science Water Science and Technology Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology