How to format your references using the Biophysics and Physicobiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biophysics and Physicobiology (BPPB). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Palter, J. Marine science: Storms bring ocean nutrients to light. Nature 525, 460–461 (2015).

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Hansen, D. M., Galetti, M. Ecology. The forgotten megafauna. Science 324, 42–43 (2009).

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Shapiro, L., McAdams, H. H., Losick, R. Generating and exploiting polarity in bacteria. Science 298, 1942–1946 (2002).

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Rueness, E. K., Stenseth, N. C., O’Donoghue, M., Boutin, S., Ellegren, H., Jakobsen, K. S. Ecological and genetic spatial structuring in the Canadian lynx. Nature 425, 69–72 (2003).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Ziegler, M. Geotechnische Nachweise nach EC 7 und DIN 1054. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012).

An edited book

[1]

Ramos, N. M. M. Application of Data Mining Techniques in the Analysis of Indoor Hygrothermal Conditions. (Springer International Publishing, 2016).

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Nagurney, A., Yu, M., Floden, J. Fashion Supply Chain Network Competition with Ecolabeling. in Sustainable Fashion Supply Chain Management: From Sourcing to Retailing (eds. Choi, T.-M., Cheng, T. C. E.) pp. 61–84 (Springer International Publishing, 2015).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biophysics and Physicobiology.

Blog post

[1]

Fang, J. Killer Cholera Bacterium Stabs Others With Tiny Spear, Steals DNA. IFLScience (2015).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. HHS Ability To Effectively Implement Incentive Funding for State Information Systems in the Aid to Families With Dependent Children Program. (1981).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Lewis, T. L. Quantitative approach to technical performance measurement and technical risk analysis utilizing Bayesian methods and Monte Carlo simulation. (George Washington University, 2010).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Walsh, M. W. Fresh Details on the Fed Rescue of A.I.G.’s Insurance Units. New York Times pp. A4 (2010).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Biophysics and Physicobiology
ISSN (online)	2189-4779
Scope