How to format your references using the Chemical Engineering Science: X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Chemical Engineering Science: X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pennisi, E., 2002. Primate evolution. Gene activity clocks brain’s fast evolution. Science 296, 233–235.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bouziat, R., Jabri, B., 2015. IMMUNOLOGY. Breaching the gut-vascular barrier. Science 350, 742–743.

A journal article with 3 authors

Martinez-Perez, E., Shaw, P., Moore, G., 2001. The Ph1 locus is needed to ensure specific somatic and meiotic centromere association. Nature 411, 204–207.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Körding, E., Rupen, M., Knigge, C., Fender, R., Dhawan, V., Templeton, M., Muxlow, T., 2008. A transient radio jet in an erupting dwarf nova. Science 320, 1318–1320.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dixon, C.S., 2010. Protestants. wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Gil, Y., Motta, E., Benjamins, V.R., Musen, M.A. (Eds.), 2005. The Semantic Web – ISWC 2005: 4th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2005, Galway, Ireland, November 6-10, 2005. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Blakeley, M., Gilboa, A.J.K., Habash, J., Helliwell, J.R., Myles, D., Raftery, J., 2006. Neutron Protein Crystallography: Technical Aspects and Some Case Studies at Current Capabilities and Beyond, in: Gutberlet, T., Katsaras, J. (Eds.), Neutron Scattering in Biology: Techniques and Applications, Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 63–72.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Chemical Engineering Science: X.

Blog post

Andrew, D., 2016. Why It’s So Hard To Ignore A Baby’s Cry, According To Science [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/why-its-so-hard-to-ignore-a-babys-cry-according-to-science/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1992. Voice of America: Management Actions Needed to Adjust to a Changing Environment (No. NSIAD-92-150). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bailoor, S., 2016. Implicit-Explicit Time stepping for a Two-Dimensional Inviscid Fluid-Structure Interaction Solver (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K., 2001. Coffee, Two Eggs Over Easy And a Sketch of a Landmark. New York Times 146.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Pennisi, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Bouziat and Jabri, 2015; Pennisi, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bouziat and Jabri, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Körding et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Chemical Engineering Science: X
ISSN (print)	2590-1400
Scope