How to format your references using the Botanical Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Botanical Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kappe CO (2010) Journal club. A chemist muses on the technique of microwaving flowing chemical reactions. Nature 464:817

A journal article with 2 authors

Cox B, Beard P (2015) Imaging techniques: Super-resolution ultrasound. Nature 527:451–452

A journal article with 3 authors

Tupler R, Perini G, Green MR (2001) Expressing the human genome. Nature 409:832–833

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Liu D, Vader G, Vromans MJM, et al (2009) Sensing chromosome bi-orientation by spatial separation of aurora B kinase from kinetochore substrates. Science 323:1350–1353

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Motai Ph.D. Y (2015) Data-Variant Kernel Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Parker S (ed) (2007) The Life Cycle of Entrepreneurial Ventures. Springer US, Boston, MA

A chapter in an edited book

Xu X, Radziszowski SP (2016) On Some Open Questions for Ramsey and Folkman Numbers. In: Gera R, Hedetniemi S, Larson C (eds) Graph Theory: Favorite Conjectures and Open Problems - 1. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 43–62

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Botanical Studies.

Blog post

Hale T (2015) This Polar Bear Raided A BBC Film Crew’s Cabin. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/polar-bear-raided-bbc-film-crews-cabin-norway/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2008) Information Technology: Federal Laws, Regulations, and Mandatory Standards to Securing Private Sector Information Technology Systems and Data in Critical Infrastructure Sectors. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nash MC (2017) Reading Achievement: A Study of Perceptions of First-Grade Teachers and the Relationship Between Attendance and Reading Achievement. Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Calvert MF (2013) A Hush Falls Where Rockets Once Roared. New York Times BU8

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kappe 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Kappe 2010; Cox and Beard 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cox and Beard 2015)
Three or more authors: (Liu et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Botanical Studies
Abbreviation	Bot. Stud.
ISSN (online)	1999-3110
Scope