How to format your references using the Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Fleming N. Tell fans definitive calls are an impossible goal. Nature 2013;497:537.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Nair S, Schilling TF. Chemokine signaling controls endodermal migration during zebrafish gastrulation. Science 2008;322:89–92.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Liu WW, Mazor O, Wilson RI. Thermosensory processing in the Drosophila brain. Nature 2015;519:353–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Fierro S, Seishima R, Nagano O, Saya H, Einaga Y. In vivo pH monitoring using boron doped diamond microelectrode and silver needles: application to stomach disorder diagnosis. Sci Rep 2013;3:3257.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

MacRoberts. MacRoberts on Scottish Construction Contracts. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Atzmueller M, Chin A, Helic D, Hotho A, editors. Modeling and Mining Ubiquitous Social Media: International Workshops MSM 2011, Boston, MA, USA, October 9, 2011, and MUSE 2011, Athens, Greece, September 5, 2011, Revised Selected Papers. vol. 7472. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Swami NV, Sirsat NB, Holambe PR. Light Fidelity (Li-Fi): In Mobile Communication and Ubiquitous Computing Applications. In: Chakrabarti A, Sharma N, Balas VE, editors. Advances in Computing Applications, Singapore: Springer; 2016, p. 75–85.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Engineering’s Unexpected And Microscopic Beauty. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/engineering-s-unexpected-and-microscopic-beauty/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. USDA: Information on Classical Plant and Animal Breeding Activities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Jenkins DS. Comprehensive support for children of incarcerated parents and their families. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Isherwood C. A Madman Tangled in Thickets of Dark Satire. New York Times 2016:C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal
Abbreviation	Can. Assoc. Radiol. J.
ISSN (print)	0846-5371
Scope	General Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging