How to format your references using the Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (CJCCJ). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Goodman, Sally

2003 Twin peaks Rhône-Alpes. Nature 426(6964):366–7. Medline:14628068.

A journal article with 2 authors

Core, Leighton J. & John T. Lis

2008 Transcription regulation through promoter-proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II. Science (New York, N.Y.) 319(5871):1791–2. Medline:18369138.

A journal article with 3 authors

Yashiro, Kenta, Hidetaka Shiratori & Hiroshi Hamada

2007 Haemodynamics determined by a genetic programme govern asymmetric development of the aortic arch. Nature 450(7167):285–8. Medline:17994097.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Perez-Fons, Laura, Tom Wells, Delia I. Corol, Jane L. Ward, Christopher Gerrish, Michael H. Beale, Graham B. Seymour, Peter M. Bramley & Paul D. Fraser

2014 A genome-wide metabolomic resource for tomato fruit from Solanum pennellii. Scientific reports 4:3859. Medline:24457419.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Barkham, Richard

2012 Real Estate and Globalisation. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Hamilton, David

2014 Blackboards and Bootstraps: Revisioning Education and Schooling. (Ed.) Benjamin Zufiaurre. Rotterdam: SensePublishers.

A chapter in an edited book

Yairi, Ikuko Eguchi, Kentaro Kayama & Seiji Igi

2007 Robotic Communication Terminals as a Ubiquitous System for Improving Human Mobility by Making Environment Virtually Barrier-Free. In Akito Sakurai, Kôiti Hasida & Katsumi Nitta, eds. New Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence: JSAI 2003 and JSAI 2004 Conferences and Workshops, Niigata, Japan, June 23-27, 2003 and Kanazawa, Japan, May 31 - June 4, 2004, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise

2015 Your Body is Telling You Something – but How do You Know if it’s Cancer? IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/your-body-telling-you-something-how-do-you-know-if-it-s-cancer/. (30 October, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office

2008 Traffic Safety Programs: Progress, States’ Challenges, and Issues for Reauthorization. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hardiman, Brady Stephen

2012 Resilience of Forest Carbon Storage through Disturbance and Succession. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Doctoral dissertation.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, Caitlin

2013 Mormon-Backed Mall Breathes Life Into Salt Lake City. New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Goodman 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Core & Lis 2008; Goodman 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Core & Lis 2008)
Three authors: (Yashiro, Shiratori & Hamada 2007)
4 or more authors: (Perez-Fons et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice
ISSN (print)	1707-7753
ISSN (online)	1911-0219
Scope