How to format your references using the Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Long JCS. Piecemeal cuts won’t add up to radical reductions. Nature 2011;478:429.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Rus D, Tolley MT. Design, fabrication and control of soft robots. Nature 2015;521:467–75.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Nabel GJ, Wolinsky SM, Haynes BF. Retrospective. Norman L. Letvin (1949-2012). Science 2012;336:1653.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Fuhrmann J, Schmidt A, Spiess S, Lehner A, Turgay K, Mechtler K, et al. McsB is a protein arginine kinase that phosphorylates and inhibits the heat-shock regulator CtsR. Science 2009;324:1323–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Thompson AK. Fruit and Vegetables. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Zhu Q, Gould J, Li Y, Ma C, editors. Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture and Water Supply. Singapore: Springer; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Combes C, Azema J. Inference of Markov Chain Models by Using k-Testable Language: Application on Aging People. In: Nguyen NT, Kowalczyk R, Fred A, Joaquim F, editors. Transactions on Computational Collective Intelligence XVII, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014, p. 89–106.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Extremely Large Telescopes Will Add More Firepower To Search The Cosmos. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/extremely-large-telescopes-will-add-more-firepower-search-cosmos/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. International Aviation: DOT Needs Better Data for Monitoring and Decisionmaking. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Labelle DA. Perceived barriers to recruitment and retention in rural healthcare sectors: A physical therapist narrative inquiry. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Hodgman J. Bonus Advice From Judge John Hodgman. New York Times 2017:MM20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	Clin. Res. Hepatol. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (print)	2210-7401
Scope	Gastroenterology