How to format your references using the Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Flight, M.H. 2013. Drug discovery: Structure-led design. Nature, 502: S50-2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Droser, M.L., and Gehling, J.G. 2008. Synchronous aggregate growth in an abundant new Ediacaran tubular organism. Science (New York, N.Y.), 319: 1660–1662.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ye, K., Cong, B., and Ye, D. 2000. The possible subduction of continental material to depths greater than 200 km. Nature, 407: 734–736.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Balili, R., Hartwell, V., Snoke, D., Pfeiffer, L., and West, K. 2007. Bose-Einstein condensation of microcavity polaritons in a trap. Science (New York, N.Y.), 316: 1007–1010.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lade, P.V. 2016. Triaxial Testing of Soils. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Fox, S.H., and Brotchie, J.M. (Editors). 2014. Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson’s Disease. Springer, London.

A chapter in an edited book

Pangracious, V., Marrakchi, Z., and Mehrez, H. 2015. Three-Dimensional FPGAs: Configuration and CAD Development. In Three-Dimensional Design Methodologies for Tree-based FPGA Architecture. Edited by Z. Marrakchi and H. Mehrez. Springer International Publishing, Cham. pp. 95–116.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences.

Blog post

Andrews, R. 2016, October 4. Contraceptive Pill Appears To Significantly Increase The Risk Of Depression. IFLScience. Available from https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/contraceptive-pill-appears-significantly-increase-risk-depression/ [accessed 30 October 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1987. Space Funding: NASA’s Appropriations and DOD’s Funding Estimates for Space Programs. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Coles, J. 2017. The Balancing of Parental Support and Pressure in Fostering Collegiate Athletes. Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University, Scottsdale, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Surico, J. 2016, December 6. A Jail Officer Is Fatally Shot In Brooklyn. New York Times,: A22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Flight 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Droser and Gehling 2008, Flight 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Droser and Gehling 2008)
Three or more authors: (Balili et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
Abbreviation	Can. J. Earth Sci.
ISSN (print)	0008-4077
ISSN (online)	1480-3313
Scope	General Earth and Planetary Sciences