How to format your references using the Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Erwin, D. H. (2015). David M. Raup (1933-2015). Nature, 524(7563), 36.

A journal article with 2 authors

Marotzke, J., & Forster, P. M. (2015). Forcing, feedback and internal variability in global temperature trends. Nature, 517(7536), 565–570.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shin, S.-B., Golovkin, M., & Reddy, A. S. N. (2014). A pollen-specific calmodulin-binding protein, NPG1, interacts with putative pectate lyases. Scientific Reports, 4, 5263.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Hoekstra, H. E., Hirschmann, R. J., Bundey, R. A., Insel, P. A., & Crossland, J. P. (2006). A single amino acid mutation contributes to adaptive beach mouse color pattern. Science (New York, N.Y.), 313(5783), 101–104.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sestina, J. E. (2016). Planning a Successful Future. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Siddiqui, M. W., Ayala Zavala, J. F., & Hwang, C.-A. (andy) (Eds.). (2016). Postharvest Management Approaches for Maintaining Quality of Fresh Produce (1st ed. 2016). Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Gurin, V. S. (2005). Small Metal Clusters: AB Initio Calculated Bare Clusters and Models Within Fullerene Cages. In E. Buzaneva & P. Scharff (Eds.), Frontiers of Multifunctional Integrated Nanosystems (pp. 31–38). Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2012, January 1). Wolves Were Domesticated Twice To Become Man’s Best Friend. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/wolves-domesticated-twice-become-mans-best-friend/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1987). Compensatory Education: Chapter 1 Participants Generally Meet Selection Criteria (HRD-87-26). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Neil, S. (2012). A turn from the worst: Leadership influences on the successful turnaround of a high-poverty school [Doctoral dissertation]. Capella University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Burghardt, L. F. (2006, January 22). A Pink Slip-Up For Garbage Pickup. New York Times, 14LI7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Erwin, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Erwin, 2015; Marotzke & Forster, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Marotzke & Forster, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Hoekstra et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy
Abbreviation	Can. J. Occup. Ther.
ISSN (print)	0008-4174
Scope	Occupational Therapy