How to format your references using the Carbon Balance and Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Carbon Balance and Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Luber-Narod J. Soft money is hard to find. Science. 2000;290:453b.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Bayon R, Jenkins M. The business of biodiversity. Nature. 2010;466:184–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Wu W, Wen X, Wang ZL. Taxel-addressable matrix of vertical-nanowire piezotronic transistors for active and adaptive tactile imaging. Science. 2013;340:952–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Smith KF, Behrens M, Schloegel LM, Marano N, Burgiel S, Daszak P. Ecology. Reducing the risks of the wildlife trade. Science. 2009;324:594–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Zhang L, Peng M, Chang D, Xu Y. Dam Failure Mechanisms and Risk Assessment. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

1. Lin D, Tsudik G, Wang X, editors. Cryptology and Network Security: 10th International Conference, CANS 2011, Sanya, China, December 10-12, 2011. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Amro SA, Chiclana F, Elizondo DA. Application of Fuzzy Logic in Computer Security and Forensics. In: Elizondo DA, Solanas A, Martinez-Balleste A, editors. Computational Intelligence for Privacy and Security. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 35–49.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Carbon Balance and Management.

Blog post

1. Andrew D. How A Little Mathematics Can Help Create Some Beautiful Music [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/how-a-little-mathematics-can-help-create-some-beautiful-music/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Public Transportation: Federal Project Approval Process Remains a Barrier to Greater Private Sector Role and DOT Could Enhance Efforts to Assist Project Sponsors. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009 Oct. Report No.: GAO-10-19.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Dinh W. Elderly Vietnamese’ perceptions of the effects of Adult Day Health Care services on their mental and physical well-being [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kelly C. Secrecy Mounting As the Cup Draws Near. New York Times. 1999 Sep 5;814.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Carbon Balance and Management
Abbreviation	Carbon Balance Manag.
ISSN (online)	1750-0680
Scope	General Earth and Planetary Sciences Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Global and Planetary Change Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law