How to format your references using the Cardiovascular Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cardiovascular Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Linden DJ. Neuroscience. From molecules to memory in the cerebellum. Science 2003;301:1682–1685.

A journal article with 2 authors

Raviv U, Klein J. Fluidity of bound hydration layers. Science 2002;297:1540–1543.

A journal article with 3 authors

De Marco García NV, Karayannis T, Fishell G. Neuronal activity is required for the development of specific cortical interneuron subtypes. Nature 2011;472:351–355.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Rambaut A, Robertson DL, Pybus OG, Peeters M, Holmes EC. Human immunodeficiency virus. Phylogeny and the origin of HIV-1. Nature 2001;410:1047–1048.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cox C. An Introduction to LTE. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

Kasper E. Silicon Quantum Integrated Circuits: Silicon-Germanium Heterostructure Devices: Basics and Realisations. Paul DJ, ed. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

Golkar S. Student Activism, Social Media, and Authoritarian Rule in Iran. In: Epstein I, ed. The Whole World is Texting: Youth Protest in the Information Age. Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2015. p61–79.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cardiovascular Research.

Blog post

Luntz S. Birds May Be Protecting Atlanta From West Nile Virus. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Highway Emergency Relief: Strengthened Oversight of Project Eligibility Decisions Needed

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McCarty A. Measuring the impact of training in the implementation of project management information systems

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. Alchemists Needed for Mets’ Golden Anniversary. New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Cardiovascular Research
Abbreviation	Cardiovasc. Res.
ISSN (print)	0008-6363
ISSN (online)	1755-3245
Scope	Physiology Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Physiology (medical)