How to format your references using the Vibrational Spectroscopy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Vibrational Spectroscopy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

S.D. Bass, Physics. How does the proton spin?, Science 315 (2007) 1672–1673.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

B. Schink, M. Friedrich, Phosphite oxidation by sulphate reduction, Nature 406 (2000) 37.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

H. Zhang, Z. Ma, J.-F. Liu, Equilibrium spin current in graphene with Rashba spin-orbit coupling, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 6464.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

E. Wahlström, E.K. Vestergaard, R. Schaub, A. Rønnau, M. Vestergaard, E. Laegsgaard, I. Stensgaard, F. Besenbacher, Electron transfer-induced dynamics of oxygen molecules on the TiO2(110) surface, Science 303 (2004) 511–513.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

A. Richards, H. Dafydd, Key Notes on Plastic Surgery, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2014.

An edited book

[1]

K. Chan, Practical CakePHP Projects, Apress, Berkeley, CA, 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

R. Willis, I.P. Giles, P.P. Chen, C. López-Pedrera, M.J. Cuadrado, S.S. Pierangeli, What is the Mechanism(s) of Antiphospholipid Antibody-Mediated Thrombosis?, in: D. Erkan, S.S. Pierangeli (Eds.), Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Insights and Highlights from the 13th International Congress on Antiphospholipid Antibodies, Springer US, Boston, MA, 2012: pp. 57–78.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Vibrational Spectroscopy.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, How We Found World’s Deepest Fish In The Mariana Trench – And Why We must Keep Exploring, IFLScience (2014). https://www.iflscience.com/environment/how-we-found-world-s-deepest-fish-mariana-trench-and-why-we-must-keep-exploring/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, State Department: Provision of Residential Furniture Inconsistent With Best Practices, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

R. Taboada-Peña, A Self-Empowering Holistic Art-Based Model Designed to Promote Emotional Well-Being, Coping Skills, and Self-Esteem in Youth, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

S. Kishkovsky, New Kirov Home in Golden Glass, New York Times (2003) E5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Vibrational Spectroscopy
Abbreviation	Vib. Spectrosc.
ISSN (print)	0924-2031
Scope	Spectroscopy