How to format your references using the Cardiovascular Ultrasound citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cardiovascular Ultrasound. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Moreno E. Cancer: Darwinian tumour suppression. Nature. 2014;509:435–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Schadt CW, Rosling A. FUNGAL BIOGEOGRAPHY. Comment on “Global diversity and geography of soil fungi.” Science. 2015;348:1438.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Azzam NA, Hallenbeck JM, Kachar B. Membrane changes during hibernation. Nature. 2000;407:317–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Thomas JA, Telfer MG, Roy DB, Preston CD, Greenwood JJD, Asher J, et al. Comparative losses of British butterflies, birds, and plants and the global extinction crisis. Science. 2004;303:1879–81.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Blackford R. Freedom of Religion and the Secular State. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012.

An edited book

1. Pasieka JL, Lee JA, editors. Surgical Endocrinopathies: Clinical Management and the Founding Figures. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Cano EL, Moguerza JM, Corcoba MP. R and the ISO Standards for Quality Control. In: Martinez Moguerza J, Prieto M, editors. Quality Control with R: An ISO Standards Approach. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 119–42.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cardiovascular Ultrasound.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Anemone Eats A Seabird [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/anemone-eats-seabird/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. University Finances: Research Revenues and Expenditures. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1986 Sep. Report No.: 130998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Starner RN. Expanding the Scope of Silyl Protecting Groups for Sialylation Reactions [Doctoral dissertation]. [Edwardsville, IL]: Southern Illinois University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Nir SM. Doctor Storms Bronx Hospital In Fatal Attack. New York Times. 2017 Jun 30;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Cardiovascular Ultrasound
Abbreviation	Cardiovasc. Ultrasound
ISSN (online)	1476-7120
Scope	General Medicine Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging