How to format your references using the Cartography and Geographic Information Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cartography and Geographic Information Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fabian, A. C. 2002. “Radio Galaxies. Bubbles, Flows, and Fields.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 296 (5570): 1040–1041.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sherratt, Thomas N., and Gilbert Roberts. 2012. “Ecology. When Paths to Cooperation Converge.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 337 (6100): 1304–1305.

A journal article with 3 authors

Madhu, Rajesh, Vediyappan Veeramani, and Shen-Ming Chen. 2014. “Heteroatom-Enriched and Renewable Banana-Stem-Derived Porous Carbon for the Electrochemical Determination of Nitrite in Various Water Samples.” Scientific Reports 4 (April 2014): 4679.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Miwa, Kyoko, Junpei Takano, Hiroyuki Omori, Motoaki Seki, Kazuo Shinozaki, and Toru Fujiwara. 2007. “Plants Tolerant of High Boron Levels.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 318 (5855): 1417.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Casandjian, Charles, Noël Challamel, Christophe Lanos, and Jostein Hellesland. 2013. Reinforced Concrete Beams, Columns and Frames. Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Abdul-Rahman, Alias. 2008. Spatial Data Modelling for 3D GIS. Edited by Morakot Pilouk. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Thompson, Kit. 2016. “Disruptive Innovators?” In The Collegiate Way: University Education in a Collegiate Context, edited by H. M. Evans and T. P. Burt, 57–60. Rotterdam: SensePublishers.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cartography and Geographic Information Science.

Blog post

Davis, Josh. 2016. “Our Ancestors Were Breeding With At Least Four, But Potentially More Species Of Other Hominins.” IFLScience, IFLScience, October 25. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/our-ancestors-were-breeding-with-at-least-four-but-potentially-more-species-of-other-hominins/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1989. High-Definition Television: Applications for This New Technology. IMTEC-90-9FS. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Knehans, Amanda. 2013. “As You like It: The Road to Design.” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik, James. 2016. “A Test From the Political Comedy Gods.” New York Times, November 6, 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Fabian 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Fabian 2002; Sherratt and Roberts 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sherratt and Roberts 2012)
Three authors: (Madhu, Veeramani, and Chen 2014)
4 or more authors: (Miwa et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Cartography and Geographic Information Science
Abbreviation	Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci.
ISSN (print)	1523-0406
ISSN (online)	1545-0465
Scope	Management of Technology and Innovation Civil and Structural Engineering Geography, Planning and Development