How to format your references using the International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Letvin, N. L. (2009). Virology. Moving forward in HIV vaccine development. Science (New York, N.Y.), 326(5957), 1196–1198.

A journal article with 2 authors

Treves, A., & Bruskotter, J. (2014). Ecology. Tolerance for predatory wildlife. Science (New York, N.Y.), 344(6183), 476–477.

A journal article with 3 authors

Poinar, H., Kuch, M., & Pääbo, S. (2001). Molecular analyses of oral polio vaccine samples. Science (New York, N.Y.), 292(5517), 743–744.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Pocivavsek, L., Dellsy, R., Kern, A., Johnson, S., Lin, B., Lee, K. Y. C., & Cerda, E. (2008). Stress and fold localization in thin elastic membranes. Science (New York, N.Y.), 320(5878), 912–916.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Liu, J., Dong, X., Chen, X., Tong, X., Zhang, X., & Xu, S. (2016). Fault Location and Service Restoration for Electrical Distribution Systems. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd.

An edited book

Sworder, D. D. (2016). Locating, Classifying and Countering Agile Land Vehicles: With Applications to Command Architectures. (J. E. Boyd, Ed.) (1st ed. 2016.). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Hsu, J. W., & Wingard, J. R. (2014). Advances in the Management of Viral Infections. In V. Stosor & T. R. Zembower (Eds.), Infectious Complications in Cancer Patients (pp. 157–180). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2015, November 17). Humans Have More “Plastic,” Adaptable Brains Than Chimpanzees. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/humans-have-more-plastic-adaptable-brains-chimpanzees/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1973). Propriety of Payment of Transportation and Travel Expenses (No. B-178790). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pratt, P. R. (2009). Analysis of the thermo-mechanical characteristics of the LENS^TM process for steels using the finite element method (Doctoral dissertation). Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Stewart, J. B. (2017, August 10). A Year of New Heights For the Dow, Led by Boeing. New York Times, p. B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Letvin 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Letvin 2009; Treves and Bruskotter 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Treves and Bruskotter 2014)
Three or more authors: (Pocivavsek et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
Abbreviation	Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ.
ISSN (print)	1560-4292
ISSN (online)	1560-4306
Scope	Computational Theory and Mathematics Education