How to format your references using the Cities citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cities. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Trenberth, K. E. (2002). Changes in tropical clouds and radiation. Science (New York, N.Y.), 296(5576), 2095.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cermeño, P., & Falkowski, P. G. (2009). Controls on diatom biogeography in the ocean. Science (New York, N.Y.), 325(5947), 1539–1541.

A journal article with 3 authors

King, N., Hittinger, C. T., & Carroll, S. B. (2003). Evolution of key cell signaling and adhesion protein families predates animal origins. Science (New York, N.Y.), 301(5631), 361–363.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Noda, Y., Noro, S.-I., Akutagawa, T., & Nakamura, T. (2014). Gold nanoparticle assemblies stabilized by bis(phthalocyaninato)lanthanide(III) complexes through van der Waals interactions. Scientific Reports, 4, 3758.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Will, H. (2011). »Sei naiv und mach’ ein Experiment«: Feodor Lynen. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Martínez-Álvarez, F., Troncoso, A., Quintián, H., & Corchado, E. (Eds.). (2016). Hybrid Artificial Intelligent Systems: 11th International Conference, HAIS 2016, Seville, Spain, April 18-20, 2016, Proceedings (Vol. 9648). Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Anellis, I. H. (2015). Peirce’s Role in the History of Logic: Lingua Universalis and Calculus Ratiocinator. In A. Koslow & A. Buchsbaum (Eds.), The Road to Universal Logic: Festschrift for the 50th Birthday of Jean-Yves Béziau Volume II (pp. 135–169). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cities.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2017, March 10). This Interactive Map Of Every Dinosaur Fossil Ever Found Is So Damn Cool. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/interactive-map-every-dinosaur-fossil-found-damn-cool/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1983). Opportunities for Improving the Management of DOD Computer Systems (121729). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hollenbeck, J. L. (2017). The Challenge of U.S. West Coast Earthquake Response: Federal Urban Search and Rescue [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg, B. (2017, March 2). Film Series. New York Times, C27.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Trenberth, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Cermeño & Falkowski, 2009; Trenberth, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cermeño & Falkowski, 2009)
Three or more authors: (Noda et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Cities
Abbreviation	Cities
ISSN (print)	0264-2751
Scope	Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management Development Sociology and Political Science Urban Studies