How to format your references using the Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Aldiss B. Cognitive ability and the light bulb. Nature. 2000;403(6767):253.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sieberer T, Leyser O. Plant science. Auxin transport, but in which direction? Science. 2006;312(5775):858-860.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pandey S, Goswami GK, Nanda KK. Nanocomposite based flexible ultrasensitive resistive gas sensor for chemical reactions studies. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2082.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wilkins RW, Hodges DA, Laurienti PJ, Steen M, Burdette JH. Network science and the effects of music preference on functional brain connectivity: from Beethoven to Eminem. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6130.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pederson LD. Dialectical Behavior Therapy. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

Fortis M, ed. The Pillars of the Italian Economy: Manufacturing, Food & Wine, Tourism. Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Nowicki B, Nowicki S. DAF as a Therapeutic Target for Steroid Hormones: Implications for Host–Pathogen Interactions. In: Lambris JD, Holers VM, Ricklin D, eds. Complement Therapeutics. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer US; 2013:83-96.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Stunning Simulations Reveal Secrets Of Hummingbird Flight. IFLScience. November 26, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/stunning-simulations-reveal-secrets-hummingbird-flight/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Improved Planning--A Must Before a Department-Wide Automatic Data Processing System Is Acquired for the Department of Agriculture. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1975.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Goldstein J. Murder in Colonial Albany: European and Indian Responses to Cross-Cultural Murders. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schilling MK. Paula Cooper. New York Times. October 11, 2016:M280.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	Clin. Transl. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (online)	2155-384X
Scope	Gastroenterology