How to format your references using the Clinical and Vaccine Immunology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Vaccine Immunology (CVI). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Begelman MC. 2003. Evidence for black holes. Science 300:1898–1903.

A journal article with 2 authors

Chokshi DA, Farley TA. 2014. Health. Changing behaviors to prevent noncommunicable diseases. Science 345:1243–1244.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pendry JB, Martín-Moreno L, Garcia-Vidal FJ. 2004. Mimicking surface plasmons with structured surfaces. Science 305:847–848.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Van Horn WD, Kim H-J, Ellis CD, Hadziselimovic A, Sulistijo ES, Karra MD, Tian C, Sönnichsen FD, Sanders CR. 2009. Solution nuclear magnetic resonance structure of membrane-integral diacylglycerol kinase. Science 324:1726–1729.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McGeough JA. 2013. The Engineering of Human Joint Replacements. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

2012. Progress in Pattern Recognition, Image Analysis, Computer Vision, and Applications: 17th Iberoamerican Congress, CIARP 2012, Buenos Aires, Argentina, September 3-6, 2012. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Klingbeil H, Laier U, Lens D. 2015. Advanced Topics, p. 225–297. In Laier, U, Lens, D (eds.), Theoretical Foundations of Synchrotron and Storage Ring RF Systems. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Vaccine Immunology.

Blog post

Hale T. 2016. Scientists Find The “Physical Source” Of Depression. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/scientists-find-the-physical-source-of-depression/. Retrieved 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2009. Commercial Space Transportation: Development of the Commercial Space Launch Industry Presents Safety Oversight Challenges for FAA and Raises Issues Affecting Federal Roles. GAO-10-286T. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Driskill KM. 2010. A qualitative study of teacher understanding and use of differentiated instruction to promote reading achievement. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodgman J. 2017. Bonus Advice From Judge John Hodgman. New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1, 2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Vaccine Immunology
Abbreviation	Clin. Vaccine Immunol.
ISSN (print)	1556-6811
ISSN (online)	1556-679X
Scope	Clinical Biochemistry Immunology Immunology and Allergy Microbiology (medical)