How to format your references using the Clinical Drug Investigation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Drug Investigation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Blackmore S. Environment. Biodiversity update--progress in taxonomy. Science. 2002;298:365.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Hayes R, Weiss H. Epidemiology. Understanding HIV epidemic trends in Africa. Science. 2006;311:620–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Li Y, Yi M, Zou X. The linear interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic noises ensures a high accuracy of cell fate selection in budding yeast. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5764.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Tsuchiya K, Ode H, Hayashida T, Kakizawa J, Sato H, Oka S, et al. Arginine insertion and loss of N-linked glycosylation site in HIV-1 envelope V3 region confer CXCR4-tropism. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2389.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Thompson GR. Reading the American Novel 1865-1914. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2011.

An edited book

1. Glăveanu VP, Tanggaard L, Wegener C, editors. Creativity — A New Vocabulary. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Majumder M, Ghosh S. Nature-Based Algorithms. In: Ghosh S, editor. Decision Making Algorithms for Hydro-Power Plant Location. Singapore: Springer; 2013. p. 27–34.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Drug Investigation.

Blog post

1. Taub B. Common Infection Linked To Schizophrenia [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/yeast-infection-linked-schizophrenia/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Higher Education: Ensuring Quality Education From Proprietary Institutions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996 Jun. Report No.: T-HEHS-96-158.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Luna SC. An integrated treatment program for individuals with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders: A grant proposal [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Witz B. As Hurricane Nears Florida, Yankees’ Series With Rays Is Moved to Citi Field. New York Times. 2017 Sep 9;D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Drug Investigation
Abbreviation	Clin. Drug Investig.
ISSN (print)	1173-2563
ISSN (online)	1179-1918
Scope	General Medicine Pharmacology (medical)