How to format your references using the International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Anderson RS (2015) GEOPHYSICS. Pinched topography initiates the critical zone. Science 350:506–507

A journal article with 2 authors

Molloy JE, Veigel C (2003) Biophysics. Myosin motors walk the walk. Science 300:2045–2046

A journal article with 3 authors

Glover JD, Reganold JP, Cox CM (2012) Agriculture: Plant perennials to save Africa’s soils. Nature 489:359–361

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Zheng H, Zhang X, Zhang Z, et al (2013) Parametric amplification and cascaded-nonlinearity processes in common atomic system. Sci Rep 3:1885

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Balfour A (2012) Solomon’s Temple. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Arezes P (ed) (2016) Advances in Safety Management and Human Factors: Proceedings of the AHFE 2016 International Conference on Safety Management and Human Factors , July 27-31, 2016, Walt Disney World®, Florida, USA. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Gieskes WWC, Leterme SC, Peletier H, et al (2007) Phaeocystis colony distribution in the North Atlantic Ocean since 1948, and interpretation of long-term changes in the Phaeocystis hotspot in the North Sea. In: Leeuwe MA van, Stefels J, Belviso S, et al. (eds) Phaeocystis, major link in the biogeochemical cycling of climate-relevant elements. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 49–60

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Live Webcast: Three Astronauts Head to ISS. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/live-webcast-three-astronauts-head-iss/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2007) Aviation Security: TSA’s Change to Its Prohibited Items List Has Not Resulted in Any Reported Security Incidents, but the Impact of the Change on Screening Operations Is Inconclusive. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wilkerson MR (2011) The Relationship Between Caring School Community Program Implementation and Elementary Student Achievement. Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Stewart JB (2016) Momentum for Tax Reform, Thanks to Trump’s Tactics. New York Times B1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Anderson 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Molloy and Veigel 2003; Anderson 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Molloy and Veigel 2003)
Three or more authors: (Zheng et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education
Abbreviation	Int. J. Educ. Technol. High. Educ.
ISSN (online)	2365-9440
Scope