How to format your references using the Clinical Dysmorphology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Dysmorphology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Futuyma DJ (2012). Retrospective. Robert R. Sokal (1926-2012). Science 336:816.

A journal article with 2 authors

Queller DC, Strassmann JE (2002). The many selves of social insects. Science 296:311–313.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bortnik J, Thorne RM, Meredith NP (2008). The unexpected origin of plasmaspheric hiss from discrete chorus emissions. Nature 452:62–66.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Williams BAP, Hirt RP, Lucocq JM, Embley TM (2002). A mitochondrial remnant in the microsporidian Trachipleistophora hominis. Nature 418:865–869.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Furger C (2016). Live Cell Assays. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Blesa MJ, Blum C, Raidl G, Roli A, Sampels M (editors) (2010). Hybrid Metaheuristics: 7th International Workshop, HM 2010, Vienna, Austria, October 1-2, 2010. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Capozziello S, Faraoni V (2011). Weak-field limit. In: Beyond Einstein Gravity: A Survey of Gravitational Theories for Cosmology and Astrophysics. Capozziello S (editor). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; pp.165–208

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Dysmorphology.

Blog post

Luntz S (2014). Ancient Exoplanet Could Support Life. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1996). Analysis of ‘Florida’s Fair Share’. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gowda V (2009). Pollination biology and inter-island geographical variation in the mutualistic Heliconia (Heliconiaceae)-hummingbird (Trochilidae) interaction of the Eastern Caribbean Islands. Doctoral dissertation George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Norton MB (2013). A House of Her Own. New York Times BR14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Futuyma, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Queller and Strassmann, 2002; Futuyma, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Queller and Strassmann, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Williams et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Dysmorphology
Abbreviation	Clin. Dysmorphol.
ISSN (print)	0962-8827
ISSN (online)	1473-5717
Scope	General Medicine Anatomy Genetics(clinical) Pathology and Forensic Medicine Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health