How to format your references using the Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Reimer PJ. Archaeology. A new twist in the radiocarbon tale. Science. 2001;294(5551):2494-2495.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mendelson TC, Shaw KL. Sexual behaviour: rapid speciation in an arthropod. Nature. 2005;433(7024):375-376.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jasny BR, Zahn LM, Marshall E. Complex systems and networks. Connections. Introduction. Science. 2009;325(5939):405.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Tse D, Langston RF, Kakeyama M, et al. Schemas and memory consolidation. Science. 2007;316(5821):76-82.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Matthews GG. Cellular Physiology of Nerve and Muscle. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.; 2002.

An edited book

Park JW, Kim TG, Kim YB, eds. AsiaSim 2007: Asia Simulation Conference 2007, Seoul, Korea, October 10-12, 2007. Proceedings. Vol 5. Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Sundararajan V, Wright P. CyberCut: A Coordinated Pipeline of Design, Process Planning and Manufacture. In: Wang L, Shen W, eds. Process Planning and Scheduling for Distributed Manufacturing. Springer Series in Advanced Manufacturing. Springer; 2007:91-108.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health.

Blog post

Carpineti A. Comets Spurt Out Chemicals In Specific Ways. IFLScience. November 2, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/comets-spurt-out-chemicals-in-specific-ways/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Science Indicators: Improvements Needed in Design, Construction, and Interpretation. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1979.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gilbert SA. Succession Planning Relating to the Millennial Generation in Private Four-Year Universities. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

George N. New Directors Flesh Out Black America, All of It. New York Times. December 25, 2011:AR1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health
Abbreviation	Clin. Epidemiol. Glob. Health
ISSN (print)	2213-3984
Scope