How to format your references using the Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine (CJSM). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P. Pharmacogenetics initiative galvanizes public and private sectors. Nature. 2001;410:393–394.

A journal article with 2 authors

Solomon TH, Mezić I. Uniform resonant chaotic mixing in fluid flows. Nature. 2003;425:376–380.

A journal article with 3 authors

Butler SJ, Vickery JA, Norris K. Farmland biodiversity and the footprint of agriculture. Science. 2007;315:381–384.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Schmeing TM, Huang KS, Strobel SA, et al. An induced-fit mechanism to promote peptide bond formation and exclude hydrolysis of peptidyl-tRNA. Nature. 2005;438:520–524.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Juhnke GA, Granello DH, Granello PF. Suicide, Self-Injury, and Violence in the Schools. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

O’Mathúna DP, Gordijn B, Clarke M, editors. Disaster Bioethics: Normative Issues When Nothing is Normal: Normative Issues When Nothing is Normal. vol. 2. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Rosas A, Bastir M, Martínez-maza C, et al. Inquiries into Neanderthal craniofacial development and evolution: “accretion” versus “organismic” models. In: Hublin Jean-Jacques, Harvati Katerina, Harrison Terry, eds. Neanderthals Revisited: New Approaches and Perspectives: Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2006: 37–69.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine.

Blog post

Hale T. These Are Each State’s Most Commonly Misspelled Word On Google. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/these-are-each-states-most-commonly-misspelled-words-google/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Bankruptcy Reform: Value of Credit Counseling Requirement Is Not Clear. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cannon JR. Microwave-supported acid hydrolysis for proteomics. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. Plan for a Bryant Park Carousel Comes Around Yet Again. New York Times. 2001:144.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine
Abbreviation	Clin. J. Sport Med.
ISSN (print)	1050-642X
ISSN (online)	1536-3724
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation