How to format your references using the Clinical Practice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Practice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sommer MOA. Microbiology: Barriers to the spread of resistance. Nature. 509(7502), 567–568 (2014).

A journal article with 2 authors

Matsuura Y, Stewart M. Structural basis for the assembly of a nuclear export complex. Nature. 432(7019), 872–877 (2004).

A journal article with 3 authors

Holmes EA, Craske MG, Graybiel AM. Psychological treatments: A call for mental-health science. Nature. 511(7509), 287–289 (2014).

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Sanchez SE, Petrillo E, Beckwith EJ, et al. A methyl transferase links the circadian clock to the regulation of alternative splicing. Nature. 468(7320), 112–116 (2010).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Frueh BC, Grubaugh AL, Elhai JD, Ford JD. Assessment and Treatment Planning for PTSD. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.

An edited book

Biesta G, De Bie M, Wildemeersch D, editors. Civic Learning, Democratic Citizenship and the Public Sphere. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Purewal AS, Krauskopf B, Postlethwaite CM. Global Effects of Time-Delayed Feedback Control Applied to the Lorenz System. In: Control of Self-Organizing Nonlinear Systems. Schöll E, Klapp SHL, Hövel P (Eds.), Springer International Publishing, Cham, 81–103 (2016).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Practice.

Blog post

Hamilton K. This Guy Fixed His Teeth By 3D Printing His Own Plastic Braces For $60 [Internet]. IFLScience (2017). Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/this-guy-fixed-his-teeth-by-3d-printing-his-own-plastic-braces-for-60/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Security: TSA Has Taken Steps to Improve Oversight of Key Programs, but Additional Actions Are Needed. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chiang I-C. A historical technique from a modern perspective: The transcription scordatura in Mozart’s Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Viola and Orchestra in E-flat major, K. 364. (2010).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Their Run Together May Be Nearing an End. New York Times, B8 (2017).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Practice
Abbreviation	Clin. Pract. (Lond.)
ISSN (print)	2044-9038
ISSN (online)	2044-9046
Scope	General Medicine Pharmacology (medical)