How to format your references using the Clinical Rheumatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Rheumatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Krupp N (2007) New surprises in the largest magnetosphere of our solar system. Science 318:216–217

A journal article with 2 authors

Valiela I, Fox SE (2008) Ecology. Managing coastal wetlands. Science 319:290–291

A journal article with 3 authors

Osborne LC, Lisberger SG, Bialek W (2005) A sensory source for motor variation. Nature 437:412–416

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Han H-J, Russo J, Kohwi Y, Kohwi-Shigematsu T (2008) SATB1 reprogrammes gene expression to promote breast tumour growth and metastasis. Nature 452:187–193

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dickeson RC (2010) Prioritizing Academic Programs and Services. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, USA

An edited book

de Carvalho LMV, Jones C (2016) The Monsoons and Climate Change: Observations and Modeling. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Jambor A, Babu S (2016) Who Feeds the World?: Global Agricultural Trade Patterns. In: Babu S (ed) Competitiveness of Global Agriculture: Policy Lessons for Food Security. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 47–74

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Rheumatology.

Blog post

Taub B (2017) Ruby Seadragon Has Been Seen In The Wild For The First Time. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/ruby-seadragon-has-been-seen-in-the-wild-for-the-first-time/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1983) The Effects of Changes in the Telecommunications Industry on FCC Operations. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Asare KB (2016) Understanding the Transformational Leadership Practices of Colleges of Education Principals. Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gordon MR (2017) How the President Wrongly Blamed The Times for a Terrorist’s Survival. New York Times A11

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Rheumatology
Abbreviation	Clin. Rheumatol.
ISSN (print)	0770-3198
ISSN (online)	1434-9949
Scope	General Medicine Rheumatology