How to format your references using the CoDesign citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for CoDesign. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Insley, S. J. 2000. “Long-Term Vocal Recognition in the Northern Fur Seal.” Nature 406 (6794): 404–405.

A journal article with 2 authors

Parnell, R. J., and H. M. Buchanan-Smith. 2001. “Animal Behaviour. An Unusual Social Display by Gorillas.” Nature 412 (6844): 294.

A journal article with 3 authors

David, Sheila S., Valerie L. O’Shea, and Sucharita Kundu. 2007. “Base-Excision Repair of Oxidative DNA Damage.” Nature 447 (7147): 941–950.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Smith, C. I., A. T. Chamberlain, M. S. Riley, A. Cooper, C. B. Stringer, and M. J. Collins. 2001. “Neanderthal DNA. Not Just Old but Old and Cold?” Nature 410 (6830): 771–772.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sattler, Klaus. 2005. Thermische Trennverfahren. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Zeggini, Eleftheria, and Andrew Morris, eds. 2015. Assessing Rare Variation in Complex Traits: Design and Analysis of Genetic Studies. 1st ed. 2015. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Fry, John, Tobias Galla, and Jane M. Binner. 2015. “Quantitative Decision-Making Rules for the Next Generation of Smarter Evacuations.” In City Evacuations: An Interdisciplinary Approach, edited by John Preston, Jane M. Binner, Layla Branicki, Tobias Galla, Nick Jones, James King, Magdalini Kolokitha, and Michalis Smyrnakis, 63–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for CoDesign.

Blog post

Andrew, Danielle. 2017. “Life On Earth Is Used To Gravity – So What Happens To Our Cells And Tissues In Space?” IFLScience, IFLScience, March 10. https://www.iflscience.com/space/life-on-earth-is-used-to-gravity-so-what-happens-to-our-cells-and-tissues-in-space/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2002. Customs Service Modernization: Management Improvements Needed on High-Risk Automated Commercial Environment Project. GAO-02-545. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Starr, Matthew J. 2015. “Tests for Positive Selection on Genes Encoding Heat Shock Proteins in the Marine Slipper Snail, Crepidula Fornicata.” Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, James. 2017. “Role Players Define the Dodgers, and Hernandez Has a Leading Part.” New York Times, October 21, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Insley 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Insley 2000; Parnell and Buchanan-Smith 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Parnell and Buchanan-Smith 2001)
Three authors: (David, O’Shea, and Kundu 2007)
4 or more authors: (Smith et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	CoDesign
Abbreviation	CoDesign
ISSN (print)	1571-0882
ISSN (online)	1745-3755
Scope	Visual Arts and Performing Arts Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design Architecture