How to format your references using the Cognitive Systems Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cognitive Systems Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, P. (2005). Generous advice. Nature, 435(7039), 241.

A journal article with 2 authors

Piskorowski, R., & Aldrich, R. W. (2002). Calcium activation of BK(Ca) potassium channels lacking the calcium bowl and RCK domains. Nature, 420(6915), 499–502.

A journal article with 3 authors

Westover, K. D., Bushnell, D. A., & Kornberg, R. D. (2004). Structural basis of transcription: separation of RNA from DNA by RNA polymerase II. Science (New York, N.Y.), 303(5660), 1014–1016.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Parker, H. G., Kim, L. V., Sutter, N. B., Carlson, S., Lorentzen, T. D., Malek, T. B., Johnson, G. S., DeFrance, H. B., Ostrander, E. A., & Kruglyak, L. (2004). Genetic structure of the purebred domestic dog. Science (New York, N.Y.), 304(5674), 1160–1164.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ekenna, O. (2016). Cases in Clinical Infectious Disease Practice: Obtaining a good history from the patient remains the cornerstone of an accurate clinical diagnosis: Lessons learned in many years of clinical practice. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Vovk, V. (2005). Algorithmic Learning in a Random World (A. Gammerman & G. Shafer, Eds.). Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Liu, H., Mei, T., Li, H., & Luo, J. (2015). Vision-Based Fine-Grained Location Estimation. In J. Choi & G. Friedland (Eds.), Multimodal Location Estimation of Videos and Images (pp. 63–83). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cognitive Systems Research.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, June 12). Retraction Of Scientific Papers For Fraud Or Bias Is Just The Tip Of The Iceberg. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/retraction-scientific-papers-fraud-or-bias-just-tip-iceberg/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1993). Electronic Signature Prototype System (AFMD-93-44R). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Purdy, D. W. (2017). Identifying Shallow Foundation Failure Modes and Mechanisms Using Surveillance of a Transparent Granular Soil Surrogate [Doctoral dissertation]. Florida Atlantic University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, B. (2017, September 7). Shakespeare, Commandeered Afresh. New York Times, AR28.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Piskorowski & Aldrich, 2002; Smaglik, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Piskorowski & Aldrich, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Parker et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Cognitive Systems Research
Abbreviation	Cogn. Syst. Res.
ISSN (print)	1389-0417
Scope	Artificial Intelligence Cognitive Neuroscience Experimental and Cognitive Psychology