How to format your references using the Cold Regions Science and Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cold Regions Science and Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Shea, K., 2007. Ecology. How the wood moves. Science 315, 1231–1232.

A journal article with 2 authors

Brubaker, S.W., Monack, D.M., 2015. IMMUNOLOGY. Microbial metabolite triggers antimicrobial defense. Science 348, 1207–1208.

A journal article with 3 authors

Callier, V., Clack, J.A., Ahlberg, P.E., 2009. Contrasting developmental trajectories in the earliest known tetrapod forelimbs. Science 324, 364–367.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Weng, A.P., Ferrando, A.A., Lee, W., Morris, J.P., 4th, Silverman, L.B., Sanchez-Irizarry, C., Blacklow, S.C., Look, A.T., Aster, J.C., 2004. Activating mutations of NOTCH1 in human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Science 306, 269–271.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Saleh, S.A., Rahman, M.A., 2010. An Introduction to Wavelet Modulated Inverters. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Queffélec, H., 2013. Diophantine Approximation and Dirichlet Series. Hindustan Book Agency, Gurgaon.

A chapter in an edited book

Wagner, M., Misaghi, S., Ploegh, H.L., 2005. Immunoevasive Strategies: Host and Virus, in: Palese, P. (Ed.), Modulation of Host Gene Expression and Innate Immunity by Viruses. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 65–94.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cold Regions Science and Technology.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. How To Light A Candle With Smoke [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2000. Federally Funded Math and Science Materials (No. GAO-01-81R). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Weisko, P., 2017. Wading Tiger Swimming Dragon: A Study on Comparative Indo-Sino Naval Development (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M., 2013. Drug-Testing Company Tied to N.C.A.A. Stirs Criticism. New York Times SP1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Shea, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Brubaker and Monack, 2015; Shea, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Brubaker and Monack, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Weng et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Cold Regions Science and Technology
Abbreviation	Cold Reg. Sci. Technol.
ISSN (print)	0165-232X
Scope	General Earth and Planetary Sciences Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology