How to format your references using the Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Crowley TJ. 2002. Paleoclimate. Cycles, cycles everywhere. Science. 295(5559):1473–1474.

A journal article with 2 authors

Oh DY, Olefsky JM. 2010. Medicine. Wnt fans the flames in obesity. Science. 329(5990):397–398.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shen Y, Buick R, Canfield DE. 2001. Isotopic evidence for microbial sulphate reduction in the early Archaean era. Nature. 410(6824):77–81.

A journal article with 12 or more authors

Erhard KF Jr, Stonaker JL, Parkinson SE, Lim JP, Hale CJ, Hollick JB. 2009. RNA polymerase IV functions in paramutation in Zea mays. Science. 323(5918):1201–1205.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ziska LH, Dukes JS. 2010. Weed Biology and Climate Change. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Kim-Prieto C, editor. 2014. Religion and Spirituality Across Cultures. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Kőrösi A, Székely B, Máté M. 2011. Modeling the Content Popularity Evolution in Video-on-Demand Systems. In: Szabó R, Zhu H, Imre S, Chaparadza R, editors. Access Networks: 5th International ICST Conference on Access Networks, AccessNets 2010 and First ICST International Workshop on Autonomic Networking and Self-Management in Access Networks, SELFMAGICNETS 2010, Budapest, Hungary, November 3-5, 2010, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; p. 47–61.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering.

Blog post

Davis J. 2016. Researchers Rewrite Massive Sections Of Bacteria’s Genome. IFLScience [Internet]. [accessed 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/researchers-rewrite-massive-sections-of-bacterias-genome/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1978. Questionable Need for All Schools Planned by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Johnson DM. 2015. Prison nursery programs: Measuring society’s perceptions and support [Doctoral dissertation]. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin J. 2017. Van Susteren Is Let Go From MSNBC. New York Times.:B2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Crowley 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Crowley 2002; Oh and Olefsky 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Oh and Olefsky 2010)
Three or more authors: (Erhard et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering
Abbreviation	Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Engin.
ISSN (print)	1025-5842
ISSN (online)	1476-8259
Scope	Bioengineering Computer Science Applications Human-Computer Interaction Biomedical Engineering General Medicine