How to format your references using the Current Heart Failure Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Current Heart Failure Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Smaglik P. Scientific personalities. Nature. 2005;433:177.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Bayon R, Jenkins M. The business of biodiversity. Nature. 2010;466:184–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Karnath H-O, Borchers S, Himmelbach M. Comment on “Movement intention after parietal cortex stimulation in humans.” Science. 2010;327:1200; author reply 1200.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Tang W, Zeve D, Suh JM, Bosnakovski D, Kyba M, Hammer RE, et al. White fat progenitor cells reside in the adipose vasculature. Science. 2008;322:583–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Smirnov BM. Cluster Processes in Gases and Plasmas. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2010.

An edited book

1. Bria WF. Digital Communication in Medical Practice. Finn NB, editor. London: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Choi MK-T, Chan K-B. The Beginning of the Chasing Game. In: Chan K-B, editor. Online Dating as A Strategic Game: Why and How Men in Hong Kong Use QQ to Chase Women in Mainland China. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 95–114.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Current Heart Failure Reports.

Blog post

1. Carpineti A. The Interactions Between Antiprotons Have Been Measured For The First Time [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/interactions-between-antiprotons-have-been-measured-first-time/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Community-Based Correctional Programs Can Do More To Help Offenders. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1980 Feb. Report No.: GGD-80-25.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Smith SM. The Relationship Between Political Affiliation and Student Achievement in the Areas of Reading and Mathematics, with Respect to Black Students [Doctoral dissertation]. [ St. Charles, MO]: Lindenwood University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Davey M, Walsh MW. Detroit Reaches Deal With Creditor, as Others Object to Bankruptcy Plans. New York Times. 2014 Sep 16;A17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Current Heart Failure Reports
Abbreviation	Curr. Heart Fail. Rep.
ISSN (print)	1546-9530
ISSN (online)	1546-9549
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Emergency Medicine Physiology (medical)