How to format your references using the Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Gadagkar R. Evolution. Sex...only if really necessary in a feminine monarchy. Science. 2004;306:1694–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Sun Y, Xia Y. Shape-controlled synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles. Science. 2002;298:2176–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Dangl JL, Horvath DM, Staskawicz BJ. Pivoting the plant immune system from dissection to deployment. Science. 2013;341:746–51.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Jessop PG, Heldebrant DJ, Li X, Eckert CA, Liotta CL. Green chemistry: reversible nonpolar-to-polar solvent. Nature. 2005;436:1102.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Zlokarnik M. Scale-up. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2005.

An edited book

1. Czarnowski I, Caballero AM, Howlett RJ, Jain LC, editors. Intelligent Decision Technologies 2016: Proceedings of the 8th KES International Conference on Intelligent Decision Technologies (KES-IDT 2016) – Part I. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Verity DH, Rose GE. Lacrimal Canalicular Inflammation and Occlusion: Diagnosis and Management. In: Guthoff RF, Katowitz JA, editors. Oculoplastics and Orbit: Aesthetic and Functional Oculofacial Plastic Problem-Solving in the 21st Century. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 67–77.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. How Horseshoe Crab Blood Saves Millions Of Lives [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/how-horseshoe-crab-blood-saves-millions-lives/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Students With Disabilities: More Information and Guidance Could Improve Opportunities in Physical Education and Athletics. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010 Jun. Report No.: GAO-10-519.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Adams AA. A study of the attitudes and opinions of southwest Missouri educators regarding the value and outcome of the performance based teacher evaluation process [Doctoral dissertation]. [ St. Charles, MO]: Lindenwood University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Dynarski S. A Trillion-Dollar Student Debt, With Mounting Risks. New York Times. 2017 May 6;BU4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine
Abbreviation	Curr. Rev. Musculoskelet. Med.
ISSN (print)	1935-973X
ISSN (online)	1935-9748
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine