How to format your references using the Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Macilwain C. Critics blast US missile defence system as flawed. Nature. 2000 Apr;404(6780):799.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gao L-Z, Innan H. Very low gene duplication rate in the yeast genome. Science. 2004 Nov;306(5700):1367–70.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dian BC, Clarkson JR, Zwier TS. Direct measurement of energy thresholds to conformational isomerization in tryptamine. Science. 2004 Feb;303(5661):1169–73.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Fiebig M, Lottermoser T, Fröhlich D, Goltsev AV, Pisarev RV. Observation of coupled magnetic and electric domains. Nature. 2002 Oct;419(6909):818–20.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety. Guidelines for Performing Effective Pre-startup Safety Reviews. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2007.

An edited book

Baron Esquivias G, Asteggiano R, editors. Cardiac Management of Oncology Patients: Clinical Handbook for Cardio-Oncology. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Wilcox AB. Leveraging Electronic Health Records for Phenotyping. In: Payne PRO, Embi PJ, editors. Translational Informatics: Realizing the Promise of Knowledge-Driven Healthcare. London: Springer; 2015; pp 61–74.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders.

Blog post

Davis J. Scientist Turn Pancreatic Cancer Cells Into Normal Cells [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Apr [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/scientist-turn-pancreatic-cancer-cells-normal-cells/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aging Aircraft Maintenance: Additional FAA Oversight Needed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nauman T. Digital soil-landscape classification for soil survey using ASTER satellite and digital elevation data in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona. 2009

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Leland J. Faith and Family, in Transition. New York Times. 2017 Jun;MB1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders
Abbreviation	Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord.
ISSN (print)	1420-8008
ISSN (online)	1421-9824
Scope	Geriatrics and Gerontology Psychiatry and Mental health Cognitive Neuroscience