How to format your references using the WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bjorn G (2008) Dissension in the ranks. Nature 454:1024–1025

A journal article with 2 authors

Bell AC, Felsenfeld G (2000) Methylation of a CTCF-dependent boundary controls imprinted expression of the Igf2 gene. Nature 405:482–485

A journal article with 3 authors

Gottfried JA, O’Doherty J, Dolan RJ (2003) Encoding predictive reward value in human amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex. Science 301:1104–1107

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Solan M, Cardinale BJ, Downing AL, et al (2004) Extinction and ecosystem function in the marine benthos. Science 306:1177–1180

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Grant G (2016) The Water Sensitive City. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Piessens F, Viganò L (eds) (2016) Principles of Security and Trust: 5th International Conference, POST 2016, Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2016, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, April 2–8, 2016, Proceedings, 1st ed. 2016. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Leusen JHW, Nimmerjahn F (2013) The Role of IgG in Immune Responses. In: Nimmerjahn F (ed) Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Antibody Activity. Springer, New York, NY, pp 85–112

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Humans Are “Super Predators” That Are Driving Widespread Extinction. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/humans-are-super-predators-are-driving-widespread-extinction-embargoed-20082015-1900-bst/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1997) Transportation Infrastructure: Estimated Funding Under the Transportation Empowerment Act. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sousa KL (2012) Soul Seeking: A Crossing. Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Marx L (2015) Designing a Lasting Partnership. New York Times ST13

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bjorn 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Bell and Felsenfeld 2000; Bjorn 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bell and Felsenfeld 2000)
Three or more authors: (Solan et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK
ISSN (print)	0937-6429
ISSN (online)	1861-8936
Scope