How to format your references using the Dental Abstracts citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Dental Abstracts. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kane TJ. Education. The long road to race-blindness. Science. 2003;302(5645):571-573.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hubbard J, Shaw JH. Uplift of the Longmen Shan and Tibetan plateau, and the 2008 Wenchuan (M = 7.9) earthquake. Nature. 2009;458(7235):194-197.

A journal article with 3 authors

Scarf D, Hayne H, Colombo M. Pigeons on par with primates in numerical competence. Science. 2011;334(6063):1664.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Grimm NB, Faeth SH, Golubiewski NE, et al. Global change and the ecology of cities. Science. 2008;319(5864):756-760.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Nash CE. The History of Aquaculture. Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

An edited book

Toni B, ed. Mathematical Sciences with Multidisciplinary Applications: In Honor of Professor Christiane Rousseau. And In Recognition of the Mathematics for Planet Earth Initiative. Vol 157. Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Nagata T, Takimoto M, Kambayashi Y. Cooperatively Searching Objects Based on Mobile Agents. In: Nguyen NT, ed. Transactions on Computational Collective Intelligence XI. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2013:119-136.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Dental Abstracts.

Blog post

Davis J. How Whales Became The Largest Animals Ever To Live. IFLScience. August 17, 2017. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/how-whales-became-the-largest-animals-ever-to-live/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. FAA Research, Engineering and Development Issues. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Viramontes M. Parenting Styles and Practices and Their Impact on School Behavior. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hollander S. Downbeat of Feet Uptown in Harlem. New York Times. November 4, 2002:F6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Dental Abstracts
Abbreviation	Dent. Abstr.
ISSN (print)	0011-8486
Scope	General Medicine