How to format your references using the Digital Communications and Networks citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Digital Communications and Networks. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

R. Rickaby, Journal club. A biogeochemist weighs up the climatic influence of CO2, Nature 465 (2010) 849.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

A. Pulk, J.H.D. Cate, Control of ribosomal subunit rotation by elongation factor G, Science 340 (2013) 1235970.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Y. Shen, R. Buick, D.E. Canfield, Isotopic evidence for microbial sulphate reduction in the early Archaean era, Nature 410 (2001) 77–81.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

N. Parikh, M. Youssef, S. Swarup, S. Eubank, Modeling the effect of transient populations on epidemics in Washington DC, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 3152.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

A. Shahidi, Balanced Asset Allocation, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ, 2014.

An edited book

[1]

A.K. Wilson, K.A. Peterson, D.E. Woon, eds., Thom H. Dunning, Jr: A Festschrift from Theoretical Chemistry Accounts, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

M.K. Youssef, D. Harris, M.J. Rotheram-Borus, The Impact of Pediatric HIV on Families, in: T. Chenneville (Ed.), A Clinical Guide to Pediatric HIV: Bridging the Gaps Between Research and Practice, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016: pp. 95–132.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Digital Communications and Networks.

Blog post

[1]

R. Andrews, We Are Going To Breach The 2C Warming Limit By 2050, Warn World’s Leading Climate Scientists, IFLScience (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/environment/we-are-going-to-breach-the-2c-warming-limit-by-2050-warn-worlds-leading-climate-scientists/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Telecommunications: Status of Research on the Safety of Cellular Telephones, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

P.M. McGrath, Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008: A policy analysis, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

ADAM LIPTAK; Janet Roberts of The Times’s computer-assisted reporting unit contributed reporting for this series. She was assisted by Jack Styczynski, D. Anderson, L. Amster, J. Begg, A. Delaquérière, S. Jamison, T. Lyles, C. Wilder, To More Inmates, Life Term Means Dying Behind Bars, New York Times (2005) 11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Digital Communications and Networks
Abbreviation	Digit. Commun. Netw.
ISSN (print)	2352-8648
Scope