How to format your references using the Philosophia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Philosophia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lieberman, P. (2013). Neuroscience. Synapses, language, and being human. Science (New York, N.Y.), 342(6161), 944–945.

A journal article with 2 authors

Freedman, D. J., & Assad, J. A. (2006). Experience-dependent representation of visual categories in parietal cortex. Nature, 443(7107), 85–88.

A journal article with 3 authors

Friedland, J. C., Lee, M. H., & Boettiger, D. (2009). Mechanically activated integrin switch controls alpha5beta1 function. Science (New York, N.Y.), 323(5914), 642–644.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Matsubayashi, Y., Ogawa, M., Morita, A., & Sakagami, Y. (2002). An LRR receptor kinase involved in perception of a peptide plant hormone, phytosulfokine. Science (New York, N.Y.), 296(5572), 1470–1472.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stoican, F., & Olaru, S. (2013). Set-theoretic Fault-tolerant Control in Multisensor Systems. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Gelbukh, A. (Ed.). (2005). Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing: 6th International Conference, CICLing 2005, Mexico City, Mexico, February 13-19, 2005. Proceedings (Vol. 3406). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Modrow, S., Falke, D., Truyen, U., & Schätzl, H. (2013). Pathogenesis. In D. Falke, U. Truyen, & H. Schätzl (Eds.), Molecular Virology (pp. 39–47). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Philosophia.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2017, May 4). High Levels Of Ocean Pollutants May Be Impacting Dolphin Immune Systems. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1991). Social Security Downsizing: Significant Savings but Some Service Quality and Operational Problems (No. HRD-91-63). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bates, K. (2017). Drivers of Engagement for Volunteers in a Nonprofit (Doctoral dissertation). Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, M. W. (2016, January 29). In Puerto Rico, Talks Resume Between Utility and Creditors. New York Times, p. B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lieberman 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Freedman and Assad 2006; Lieberman 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Freedman and Assad 2006)
Three or more authors: (Matsubayashi et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Philosophia
Abbreviation	Philosophia (Ramat Gan)
ISSN (print)	0048-3893
ISSN (online)	1574-9274
Scope	Philosophy