How to format your references using the Drinking Water Engineering and Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Drinking Water Engineering and Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Goldberg, A. L.: Protein degradation and protection against misfolded or damaged proteins, Nature, 426, 895–899, 2003.

A journal article with 2 authors

Stolow, A. and Jonas, D. M.: Chemistry. Multidimensional snapshots of chemical dynamics, Science, 305, 1575–1577, 2004.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kim, J.-E., Chen, J., and Lou, Z.: DBC1 is a negative regulator of SIRT1, Nature, 451, 583–586, 2008.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Parras, A., Anta, H., Santos-Galindo, M., Swarup, V., Elorza, A., Nieto-González, J. L., Picó, S., Hernández, I. H., Díaz-Hernández, J. I., Belloc, E., Rodolosse, A., Parikshak, N. N., Peñagarikano, O., Fernández-Chacón, R., Irimia, M., Navarro, P., Geschwind, D. H., Méndez, R., and Lucas, J. J.: Autism-like phenotype and risk gene mRNA deadenylation by CPEB4 mis-splicing, Nature, 560, 441–446, 2018.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ishiyama, J. T.: Comparative Politics, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 2011.

An edited book

Aslam, M.: Drought Stress in Maize (Zea mays L.): Effects, Resistance Mechanisms, Global Achievements and Biological Strategies for Improvement, edited by: Maqbool, M. A. and Cengiz, R., Springer International Publishing, Cham, VIII, 74 p. 10 illus p., 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Paulhamus, B., Ebaugh, A., Boylls, C. C., Bos, N., Hider, S., and Giguere, S.: Crowdsourced Cyber Defense: Lessons from a Large-Scale, Game-Based Approach to Threat Identification on a Live Network, in: Social Computing, Behavioral - Cultural Modeling and Prediction: 5th International Conference, SBP 2012, College Park, MD, USA, April 3-5, 2012. Proceedings, edited by: Yang, S. J., Greenberg, A. M., and Endsley, M., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 35–42, 2012.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Drinking Water Engineering and Science.

Blog post

Andrew, E.: Think Your Cat Misses You? It’s Probably Just Pissed Off, https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/think-your-cat-misses-you-its-probably-just-pissed/, last access: 30 October 2018, 2015., 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Aviation Assistance: Compensation Criteria and Payment Equity under the Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act, GAO-04-725R, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rahschulte, R. L.: An Examination of the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Detect, Practice, and Repair versus Traditional Cover, Copy, and Compare Procedures: A Component Analysis, Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, B. Y. K.: Dreams of a Summer Camp Take the Form of Reality, , New York Times12th NovemberG10, 2001.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Goldberg, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Goldberg, 2003; Stolow and Jonas, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Stolow and Jonas, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Parras et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Drinking Water Engineering and Science
Abbreviation	Drink. Water Eng. Sci.
ISSN (print)	1996-9457
ISSN (online)	1996-9465
Scope	Civil and Structural Engineering Pollution Water Science and Technology