How to format your references using the Earth Science Informatics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Earth Science Informatics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schrag DP (2009) Storage of carbon dioxide in offshore sediments. Science 325:1658–1659

A journal article with 2 authors

Malin MC, Edgett KS (2003) Evidence for persistent flow and aqueous sedimentation on early Mars. Science 302:1931–1934

A journal article with 3 authors

Kotiaho JS, Simmons LW, Tomkins JL (2001) Towards a resolution of the lek paradox. Nature 410:684–686

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Yin L, Zhu M, Knoll AH, et al (2007) Doushantuo embryos preserved inside diapause egg cysts. Nature 446:661–663

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Campbell CA, Collins M (2010) The One-Page Project Manager for Execution. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Stalke D (ed) (2012) Electron Density and Chemical Bonding I: Experimental Charge Density Studies. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Gunawardena M, Petraki E (2014) Critical Thinking Skills in the EAP Classroom. In: Liyanage I, Walker T (eds) English for Academic Purposes (EAP) in Asia: Negotiating Appropriate Practices in a Global Context. SensePublishers, Rotterdam, pp 65–77

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Earth Science Informatics.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Astronomers Reveal Most Detailed Catalog of Milky Way Stars. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/astronomers-reveal-most-detailed-catalog-milky-way-stars/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1988) Air Force ADP: Logistics Systems Modernization Costs Continue to Increase. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McCoy N (2015) Functionality Evaluation of the Wave Suppressor and Sediment Collection (WSSC) System: Wave Reduction, Sediment Collection, Mathematical Model, and Preliminary Field Evaluation. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hollander S (1999) HARVARD 37, FORDHAM 30. New York Times 83

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Schrag 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Malin and Edgett 2003; Schrag 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Malin and Edgett 2003)
Three or more authors: (Yin et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Earth Science Informatics
Abbreviation	Earth Sci. Inform.
ISSN (print)	1865-0473
ISSN (online)	1865-0481
Scope	General Earth and Planetary Sciences