How to format your references using the Economic Change and Restructuring citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Economic Change and Restructuring. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mungiu-Pippidi A (2015) Corruption: Good governance powers innovation. Nature 518:295–297

A journal article with 2 authors

Rubinoff D, Haines WP (2005) Web-spinning caterpillar stalks snails. Science 309:575

A journal article with 3 authors

Khudiyev T, Huseyinoglu E, Bayindir M (2014) Non-resonant Mie scattering: emergent optical properties of core-shell polymer nanowires. Sci Rep 4:4607

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Jaworski T, Dewachter I, Lechat B, et al (2011) GSK-3α/β kinases and amyloid production in vivo. Nature 480:E4-5; discussion E6

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wood P (2013) Western Art and the Wider World. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford

An edited book

Maass W, Kowatsch T (eds) (2012) Semantic Technologies in Content Management Systems: Trends, Applications and Evaluations. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Avoine G, Lauradoux C, Martin T (2009) When Compromised Readers Meet RFID. In: Youm HY, Yung M (eds) Information Security Applications: 10th International Workshop, WISA 2009, Busan, Korea, August 25-27, 2009, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 36–50

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Economic Change and Restructuring.

Blog post

Davis J (2016) Fracking Set To Take Place In England For First Time In Five Years. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/fracking-set-take-place-england-first-time-five-years/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2000) Information Technology Investment Management: An Overview of GAO’s Assessment Framework (Exposure Draft). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lai J-P (2008) Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Deleted on Chromosome Ten (PTEN) As A Molecular Target in Lung Epithelial Wound Repair and Protection. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B (2016) Coachella Classic. New York Times B1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mungiu-Pippidi 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Rubinoff and Haines 2005; Mungiu-Pippidi 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rubinoff and Haines 2005)
Three or more authors: (Jaworski et al. 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Economic Change and Restructuring
Abbreviation	Econ. Change Restructuring
ISSN (print)	1573-9414
ISSN (online)	1574-0277
Scope	Economics and Econometrics