How to format your references using the Ecotoxicology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecotoxicology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Crowder CM (2009) Cell biology. Ceramides--friend or foe in hypoxia? Science 324:343–344

A journal article with 2 authors

Abbott A, Gitschel U (2000) German scientists left in the cold as Berlin rejects rescue plan. Nature 406:663–664

A journal article with 3 authors

Gong Y, Mo C, Fraser SE (2004) Planar cell polarity signalling controls cell division orientation during zebrafish gastrulation. Nature 430:689–693

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Barford CC, Wofsy SC, Goulden ML, et al (2001) Factors controlling long- and short-term sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in a mid-latitude forest. Science 294:1688–1691

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Molloy M, Larner W (2013) Fashioning Globalisation. John Wiley & Sons, Oxford

An edited book

Rossi R, Margheritini F (eds) (2014) Knee Ligament Injuries: Extraarticular Surgical Techniques. Springer, Milano

A chapter in an edited book

Xu S, Batten I, Ryan M (2014) Dynamic Measurement and Protected Execution: Model and Analysis. In: Abadi M, Lluch Lafuente A (eds) Trustworthy Global Computing: 8th International Symposium, TGC 2013, Buenos Aires, Argentina, August 30-31, 2013, Revised Selected Papers. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 45–63

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecotoxicology.

Blog post

Luntz S (2014) Towers Produce Clean Drinking Water From Thin Air. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/towers-produce-clean-drinking-water-thin-air/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2017) School Bus Safety: Crash Data Trends and Federal and State Requirements. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Robinson-Scott D (2010) Policy analysis of the Chafee Foster Care Independence Act of 1999. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines GG, Kepler AW (2011) So Far, Sales for New DC Comics Are Super. New York Times C1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Crowder 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Abbott and Gitschel 2000; Crowder 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Abbott and Gitschel 2000)
Three or more authors: (Barford et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecotoxicology
Abbreviation	Ecotoxicology
ISSN (print)	0963-9292
ISSN (online)	1573-3017
Scope	Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law General Medicine Toxicology