How to format your references using the Egyptian Journal of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Egyptian Journal of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Donnelly CA. Likely size of the French BSE epidemic. Nature. 2000;408(6814):787-788.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hernanz M, Sala G. A classical nova, V2487 Oph 1998, seen in x-rays before and after its explosion. Science. 2002;298(5592):393-395.

A journal article with 3 authors

Marteau TM, Hollands GJ, Fletcher PC. Changing human behavior to prevent disease: the importance of targeting automatic processes. Science. 2012;337(6101):1492-1495.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

López S, Riera P, Assaneo MF, Eguía M, Sigman M, Trevisan MA. Vocal caricatures reveal signatures of speaker identity. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3407.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McKean J. Customer’s New Voice. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Ceroni P, ed. The Exploration of Supramolecular Systems and Nanostructures by Photochemical Techniques. Vol 78. Springer Netherlands; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Bonate PL. Controversies in Oncology: Size Based vs. Fixed Dosing. In: Bonate PL, Howard DR, eds. Pharmacokinetics in Drug Development: Problems and Challenges in Oncology, Volume 4. Springer International Publishing; 2016:59-76.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Egyptian Journal of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences.

Blog post

Andrew E. Bug Burgers, Anyone? Why We’re Opening The UK’s First Insect Restaurant. IFLScience. October 22, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/bug-burgers-anyone-why-we-re-opening-uk-s-first-insect-restaurant/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Transportation Security Administration: More Clarity on the Authority of Federal Security Directors Is Needed. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Johnson A. Instructional Practices in Physical Education Programs for Students with Disabilities. Doctoral dissertation. Northcentral University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B. Who’s That Knocking on the Door? New York Times. April 28, 2017:C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Egyptian Journal of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences
ISSN (print)	2090-0740
Scope	Otorhinolaryngology Surgery