How to format your references using the Eighteenth-Century Life citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Eighteenth-Century Life. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gottfried, K. “Inferring the Statistical Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics from the Classical Limit.” Nature 405, no. 6786 (June 1, 2000): 533–36.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lin, Michael T., and M. Flint Beal. “Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases.” Nature 443, no. 7113 (October 19, 2006): 787–95.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mansouri, Farshad A., Mark J. Buckley, and Keiji Tanaka. “Mnemonic Function of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Conflict-Induced Behavioral Adjustment.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 318, no. 5852 (November 9, 2007): 987–90.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Bankovich, Alexander J., Stefan Raunser, Z. Sean Juo, Thomas Walz, Mark M. Davis, and K. Christopher Garcia. “Structural Insight into Pre-B Cell Receptor Function.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 316, no. 5822 (April 13, 2007): 291–94.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ketring, Kerry L., and Mary Belle Glaze. Atlas of Feline Ophthalmology. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2012.

An edited book

Corona, Giovanni, Emmanuele A. Jannini, and Mario Maggi, eds. Emotional, Physical and Sexual Abuse: Impact in Children and Social Minorities. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Batini, Carlo, and Monica Scannapieco. “Attività e Tecniche Inerenti La Qualità Dei Dati: Generalità.” In Qualità Dei Dati: Concetti, Metodi e Tecniche, edited by Monica Scannapieco, 75–102. UNITEXT. Milano: Springer, 2008.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Eighteenth-Century Life.

Blog post

Andrews, Robin. “California Breaks Record After Getting 81 Percent Of Energy From Renewables.” IFLScience. IFLScience, May 25, 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/california-breaks-record-getting-81-percent-energy-renewables/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. “Federal White-Collar Special Rate Program.” Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, March 30, 1984.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rodriguez, Jose Manuel. “Navy Supply Corps Officer’s Perspective on Effective Leadership.” Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, Ben, and Wesley Morris. “August Wilson: Then. Now. Forever?” New York Times, January 11, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Eighteenth-Century Life
Abbreviation	Eighteenth Century Life
ISSN (print)	0098-2601
ISSN (online)	1086-3192
Scope	History Literature and Literary Theory Visual Arts and Performing Arts Cultural Studies