How to format your references using the Energies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nisini, B. ASTRONOMY: Enhanced: Water’s Role in Making Stars. Science 2000, 290, 1513–1514.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cerdán, P.D.; Chory, J. Regulation of Flowering Time by Light Quality. Nature 2003, 423, 881–885.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tuthill, P.G.; Monnier, J.D.; Danchi, W.C. A Dusty Torus around the Luminous Young Star LkH Alpha101. Nature 2001, 409, 1012–1014.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Holm, T.M.; Habashi, J.P.; Doyle, J.J.; Bedja, D.; Chen, Y.; van Erp, C.; Lindsay, M.E.; Kim, D.; Schoenhoff, F.; Cohn, R.D.; et al. Noncanonical TGFβ Signaling Contributes to Aortic Aneurysm Progression in Marfan Syndrome Mice. Science 2011, 332, 358–361.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Frueh, B.C.; Grubaugh, A.L.; Elhai, J.D.; Ford, J.D. Assessment and Treatment Planning for PTSD; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, New Jersey, 2012; ISBN 9781118470138.

An edited book

Deng, L. Developing Chinese EFL Learners’ Generic Competence: A Genre-Based & Process Genre Approach; Chen, Q., Zhang, Y., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2014; ISBN 9783642548444.

A chapter in an edited book

Zou, L.; Sun, W. Human Urine Proteome: A Powerful Source for Clinical Research. In Urine Proteomics in Kidney Disease Biomarker Discovery; Gao, Y., Ed.; Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology; Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht, 2015; pp. 31–42 ISBN 9789401795227.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energies.

Blog post

Andrew, E. Can The Earth Feed 11 Billion People? Four Reasons To Fear A Malthusian Future Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/can-earth-feed-11-billion-people-four-reasons-fear-malthusian-future/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Highway Trust Fund Obligations, Fiscal Years 2009 to 2011; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2013;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Roediger, E. Relaxation Skills Training for Elementary Aged Children. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University: Edwardsville, IL, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kleinfield, N.R. Broken Boys, Thieves, Killers, and Now Escapees. New York Times 2015, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Energies
Abbreviation	Energies
ISSN (online)	1996-1073
Scope	General Computer Science