How to format your references using the Energy Conversion and Management: X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energy Conversion and Management: X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Dolgin E. Cancer vaccines: Material breach. Nature 2013;504:S16-7.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Green CS, Bavelier D. Action video game modifies visual selective attention. Nature 2003;423:534–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Giulini A, Wang J, Jackson D. Control of phyllotaxy by the cytokinin-inducible response regulator homologue ABPHYL1. Nature 2004;430:1031–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Ruta V, Jiang Y, Lee A, Chen J, MacKinnon R. Functional analysis of an archaebacterial voltage-dependent K+ channel. Nature 2003;422:180–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Bagrintseva KI. Carbonate Reservoir Rocks. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2015.

An edited book

[1]

Finetti B de, editor. Mathematical Optimiation in Economics. vol. 38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Lê M, Unkelbach J, Ayache N, Delingette H. GPSSI: Gaussian Process for Sampling Segmentations of Images. In: Navab N, Hornegger J, Wells WM, Frangi AF, editors. Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2015: 18th International Conference, Munich, Germany, October 5-9, 2015, Proceedings, Part III, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015, p. 38–46.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energy Conversion and Management: X.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. How Long Would It Take To Fall Through The Center Of The Earth? IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/faster-journey-center-earth/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Loan Monitoring System: SBA Needs to Evaluate Use of Software. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Wilson P. A Case Study of the Efficacy of Middle College on Educational Advancement. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Herrman J. Trust Bust. New York Times 2017:BR13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Energy Conversion and Management: X
ISSN (print)	2590-1745
Scope