How to format your references using the Energy Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energy Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Montgomery, D.R.: Geology. Dreams of natural streams. Science. 319, 291–292 (2008)

A journal article with 2 authors

Sandoval, D.A., Seeley, R.J.: Medicine. The microbes made me eat it. Science. 328, 179–180 (2010)

A journal article with 3 authors

Pfeiffer, T., Schuster, S., Bonhoeffer, S.: Cooperation and competition in the evolution of ATP-producing pathways. Science. 292, 504–507 (2001)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kim, Y., Strelcov, E., Hwang, I.R., Choi, T., Park, B.H., Jesse, S., Kalinin, S.V.: Correlative multimodal probing of ionically-mediated electromechanical phenomena in simple oxides. Sci. Rep. 3, 2924 (2013)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ballast, D.K.: Interior Detailing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2010)

An edited book

Spiliopoulos, K., Weichert, D. eds: Direct Methods for Limit States in Structures and Materials. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht (2014)

A chapter in an edited book

Rensink, A., Zambon, E.: Pattern-Based Graph Abstraction. In: Ehrig, H., Engels, G., Kreowski, H.-J., and Rozenberg, G. (eds.) Graph Transformations: 6th International Conference, ICGT 2012, Bremen, Germany, September 24-29, 2012. Proceedings. pp. 66–80. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2012)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energy Systems.

Blog post

Andrew, E.: US Permits Arctic Drilling, But Questions About Safety Remain, https://www.iflscience.com/environment/us-permits-arctic-drilling-questions-about-safety-remain/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Department of Education: Guaranteed Student Loan Program Vulnerabilities. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (2002)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Masuyama, G.: The Bird Is A Word, (2010)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney, K.: Hearty, and Classic, Favorites, (2008)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Energy Systems
Abbreviation	Energy Syst.
ISSN (print)	1868-3967
ISSN (online)	1868-3975
Scope	Economics and Econometrics General Energy Modelling and Simulation